Uko indaya yashatse kwiyitirira umujyi ukomeye mu Burayi

Amateka agaragaza ko Phryne (soma Furayini), indaya ikomoka mu Bugereki yabayeho mu myaka 371 – 316 yashatse kwitirirwa umujyi wa Thebes muri icyo gihugu ariko ikabyangirwa.

Uyu mugore wabaye mu ndaya zikomeye mu Bugereki, ku buryo umunsi umwe umujyi waa Thebes wasenywe na Alexandra the Great hanyuma Phryne asaba ko yakongera agasana uwo mujyi,al ariko yarangiza kuwubaka akandikaho ngo ‘umujyi wasenywe na Alexandre wongera kubakwa n’indaya Phryne, gusa ubutegetsi bwarabyanze.

Ku bijyanye n’uburaya, ni umwe mu myuga yakozwe kera ku Isi.  Mu myaka isaga ibihumbi 300 ishize mu Bwami bw’Ubugereki, uburaya bwari bwemewe n’amategeko kuko bo babifataga nk’ikintu kibanze ku buryo umugore yaherekezaga umugabo we mu nzu baguriragamo indaya.

Ubutegetsi bwabonaga kuba habaho indaya nta kibazo byateza ubutegetsi bwabo ahubwo ku buca ko ari bwo bari gutera abagabo irari cyane. Ni muri urwo rwego hariho inzu z’indaya zizwi kandi kuganayo ari ibintu bisanzwe mu bwami bwose.

Mu Begereki umwuga w’uburaya wari umwuga wubashwe kuko utakorwaga n’abantu babonetse bose. Aha indayi zarimo ibyiciro bibiri , izo mu kiciro cya kabiri zabaga ari indaya zitwaga Hetaira, aba babaga ari abakobwa beza kandi bo mu miryango ikize cyangwa abacakara beza babaga baratoranyijwe.

Izo ndaya zo mu kiciro zabaga ari indaya z’abatagetsi bakuru n’abasirikare bakuru ku buryo bajyanaga nabo aho bajyaga hose. Akenshi bari bashinzwe kubatunganyiriza imyenda no kureba niba bambaye neza mu ruhame bakanaryamana nabo. Abo nibo Phryne yabarizwagamo.

indaya zabaga ziciriritse zabaga mu cyiciro cya mbere, bazitaga Pony, kandi nta bushobozi zabaga zifite bwo kwamamaza ibikorwa byazo, ahubwo zandikaga munsi y’inkweto zabo ziti “Nkurikira “,ubwo umuntu yahaca akamenya aho ababariza.

Naho mu Bwami bwa Roma uburaya bwafatwaga nk’umwuga uciriritse ntabwo byari kimwe nko mu Bugereki bawufataga nk’umwuga wiyubashye. Gusa naho indaya zarahaba akenshi zo mu bacakara aho nabo biberaga munzu zibyinirwamo banywa inzoga.

Naho nyuma yuko Amerika ivumbuwe mu mwaka 1492, Abanyaburayi benshi batangiye kwimukirayo kubwinshi, icyo gihe rero abagore bavaga mu Burayi batangiye kwikorera uburaya kuko imirimo yari ihari yasabaga ingufu igakorwa n’abagabo gusa.

Muri Amerika uburaya bwari ubucuruzi bwunguka ku buryo umugabo umwe yakoraga umunsi wose ariko agahembwa amadorari abiri, mu gihe umugore umwe yakoreraga amadorari 5 mu ijoro rimwe. Aha leta yashyizeho amategeko ahana uburaya ari ko biranga biba iby’ubusa .

Mu mwaka 1913 byafashe intera iby’uburaya hashingwa ikigo cyari gishinzwe guca indaya mu mijyi yo muri Amerika, icyo kigo ni FBI (Federal Bereau of Investigation), ubu cyabaye ikirangirire mu Isi yose mu gutahura ibyaha. Nyamara cyatangiye gishinzwe guhashya indaya

Kuri ubu muri Amerika uburaya buremewe muri leta zimwe na zimwe ahandi ni icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko.

Mu isi yose umwuga w’uburaya urakorwa byaba byemewe n’amategeko cyangwa bitemewe. Hamwe amategeko akoze ku buryo butangaje aho bahana uwaguze, uwagurishije bakamwihorera. Ahandi hariho amategeko arengera indayq ahandi nta mategeko ariho, ari ko nanone ntacyo babaza abakora uwo mwuga, gusa uburaya burakorwa hose mu isi.

Ivomo : https://www.britannica.com/topic/crime-law

Nkundabanyanga Ildephonse