Ifatwa rya Kabuga: U Bufaransa, umwanzi gica w’u Rwanda cyangwa inshuti magara ?

Urubuga mbaramateka, Wikipedia rutangza ko umubano w’u Bufaransa n’u Rwanda udashinga kubera uruhare rw’iki gihugu muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Uyu mubano ushingiye ku bihe by’ingenzi byawuranze, birimo uruhare rw’u Bufaransa mu ivuka ry’amashyaka PL, PSD, PDI,PSR, UDPR. Hari uruhare rwabwo muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, mu itorwa rya Louise Mushikiwabo mu kuyobora Francophonie no gufata Kabuga Felicien.

U Bufaransa ni igihugu kimwe mu bikize ku Isi kivuga rikijyana. Mu gihe u Rwanda ari igihugu gikomeje kugirirwa icyizere n’Isi kubera imbaraga cyishatsemo zo guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, igahitana abasaga miliyoni, igasenya igihugu ndetse n’isura yacyo ku Isi. Muri iki gihugu niho haherutse gufatirwa Kabuga Felicien, umunyarwanda w’imyaka 84 wari umaze imyaka 26 yihishahisha hirya no hino ku Isi, kubera uruhare akekwaho muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Ese ibi birashimangira umubano utarangwamo amakaraza hagati y’ibihugu byombi?

Intangiriro y’umubano w’ibihugu byombi

urubuga Wikipedia ruvuga ko umubano w’ibihugu byombi watangiye mu 1962 ubwo u Rwanda rwahabwaga ubwigenge. Uyu mubano wakomeje mu bya gisirikare mu 1975, Iki gihugu cyateraga inkunga u Rwanda mu bya gisirikare, dipolomasi no mu by’ubukungu.

Intangiro y’urwijiji mu mubano w’ibihugu byombi

Nk’igihugu kiri mu muryango w’ibivuga igifaransa(OIF) cyakunze kugira ubuyobozi bwacanaga uwaka n’u Bufaransa kugeza mu 1994, icyo gihe igifaransa cyaradidibuzwaga, kugeza no mu mbwirwaruhame abayobozi bariho bagezaga ku baturage. Mu bihe byiswe iby’ibitero by’inyenzi, ingabo z’u Bufaransa zabaye mu ba mbere boherezwa mu butumwa bwa Loni bwo kubungabunga amahoro n’umutekano mu Rwanda( United Nations assistance mission to Rwanda-UNAMIR/MINUAR). Izi ngabo zishinjwa kugira uruhare mu gutoza interahamwe zakoze jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.

U Bufaransa nyuma ya jenoside

Iki gihugu cyakomeje gushinjwa gucumbikira no gukingira ikibaba ifatwa ry’abakekwaho kugira uruhare muri jenoside. Cyavuzweho kwitambika ishingwa n’imikorere y’urukiko mpanabyaha rwa Arusha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), rwahawe inshingano zo gukurikirana ibyaha byakorewe mu Rwanda kuva tariki ya 1 Mutarama 1994 kugeza kuya 31 Ukuboza uwo mwaka.

Urwijiji muri uyu mubano rwatumye mu Gushyingo 1995, iki gihugu kidatumira u Rwanda mu nama ya France Africa Summit yabereye i Biarritz, mu gihe u Rwanda rwari mu bihugu bya mbere byashinze iri huriro. Iki gihugu cyifashe mu bijyanye no gutanga inkunga mu nama z’abaterankunga zari zigamije gushakira imfashanyo zo kwiyubaka no gusubiza abaturage bo mu Rwanda mu buzima busanzwe, zabereye i Geneve mu Busuwisi hagati y’umwaka 1995-1996.

Gatebe gatoki mu mibanire y’ibihugu byombi

U Bufaransa bwagize uruhare rukomeye mu ishingwa ry’amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na Habyarimana. Mu nama yabereye I Baune mu 1991, perezida Mitterand yabwiriye Habyarimana ko agomba kureka andi mashyaka akavuka, yabirengaho agafatirwa ibihano. Byatanze umusaruro w’ivuka amashyaka nka PL, PSD, PDI, PSR n’ayandi yaciye intege Habyarimana kugeza avanwe ku butegetsi.

Icumbagira ry’uyu mubano ryaje kwerurwa mu 2006, ubwo umucamanza w’u Bufaransa Jean Louis Bruguiere yatangazaga impapuro zo guta muri yombi bamwe mu bayobozi b’u Rwanda ngo bakurikiranweho uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege yari itwaye uwari umukuru w’u Rwanda, Juvenal Habyarimana.

Intambwe yaje guterwa tariki 29 Ugushyingo 2009, ubwo uwari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Bufaransa, Bernard Kouchner yajyaga mu Rwanda, nyuma akurikirwa n’uwari Perezida Nicolas Sarkoz. Izi ngendo z’aba bayobozi zakoreraga mu ngata iza Francois Mitterand wafatwaga nk’inshuti magara ya Habyarimana. Akanunu ko kuzura uyu mubano gatangirana na Sarkoz wavugiye imbere y’abanyamakuru mu 2010, ko u Bufaransa buzirikana amakosa akomeye abayobozi babwo bagaragaje mu gihe cya jenoside. Muri Nzeri 2011, Kagame yagiye i Paris ari Perezida wa Repubulika.

Muri 2012, Mushikiwabo wariMinisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga yavuze ko umubano w’ibihugu byombi ari ntamakemwa. Icyo gihe u Bufaransa bwari bwahamagaje uwari ambasaderi wabwo mu Rwanda, Laurent Contini.

Mu 2014, ubwo u Rwanda rwibukaga ku nshuro ya 20, Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, u Bufaransa ntibwitabiriye uyu muhango. Perezida Kagame yagarutse ku ruhare rwabwo, amadini n’u Bubiligi mu mateka y’u Rwanda avuga mu gifaransa ati “Les faits sont tetus” amateka ntaho ajya. yavuze ko ntawe ukwiye guhora yibutswa gusaba imbabazi ku ruhare rwe muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, kuko ngo byakwica igisobanuro cy’imbabazi cyane ko kuzisaba biva ku muntu uzikeneye.

Mu 2018, u Bufaransa bwagize uruhare mu itorwa rya Louise Mushikiwabo ku buyobozi bw’umuryango uhuje ibihugu bivuga igifaransa (organization international de la Francophonie-OIF) .

Muri Mata 2019, Perezida Emmanuel Macron yatangaje ko igihugu cye kigiye kongerera imbaraga urwego rw’ubutabera mu gukurikirana abagize uruhare muri jenoside, hakanashyirwaho komisiyo y’abahanga bazasuzuma uruhare rw’ubufaransa muri iyi jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, ndetse no kubahiriza umunsi wo kwibuka jenoside tariki 7 Mata. Icyo gihe Macron utaritabiriye umuhango wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 25, yohereje i Kigali umudepite w’umufaransa ufite inkomoko mu Rwanda Herve Berville.

Tariki 17 Gicurasi 2020, u Bufaransa bwafashe Kabuga, umuherwe ukekwaho kugira uruhare muri jenoside, wayiteye inkunga atanga amafaranga yifashishijwe mu kugura ibikoresho byifashishijwe mu kwica abatutsi.

Uwahera kuri ibi byose yavuga ko u Bufaransa ari umwanzi gica cyangwa inshuti magara y’u Rwanda?

Bwana Niyonzima Oswald, impuguke mu bijyanye n’amahoro, gukemura amakimbira ndetse n’iterambere, ufite impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza(master’s degree in Peace, Conflict and Development Studies) yakuye muri kaminuza ya UJI mu Mujyi wa Castellon muri Spain, akaba n’inzobere mu itangazamakuru akoze mu gihe cy’imyaka ikabakaba 15, unaryigisha muri kaminuza zitandukanye mu Rwanda, asanga u Bufaransa atari umwanzi gica w’u Rwanda nyamara atari n’inshuti magara y’u Rwanda.

Agira ati “U Bufaransa si umwanzi gica w’u Rwanda nta n’ubwo ari inshuti y’u Rwanda. Muri politiki buri gihugu gikinisha amakarita abiri kandi kikamenya igihe gikoreshereza buri karita.

Akomeza avuga ko ku ruhande rumwe asanga gufata Kabuga biri mu nyungu z’u Bufaransa kuruta uko biri mu nyungu z’u Rwanda.

Ati “Kabuga arashaje kandi ararwaye cyane, ku buryo ukurikije imyaka ye n’uburwayi bwe, ntiwashidikanya kuvuga ko ari mu marembera. Kandi gupfa kwe nk’umunyamafaranga kandi ufite umuryango munini ntibyabura kumenyekana.

Ibaze rero “umujenosideri” umaze 1/4 cy’ikinyejana ashakishwa, Isi igiye kumva ikumva ngo yaguye mu Bufaransa. Ibi byakwangiza icyizere cya dipolomasi(imibanire) y’u Bufaransa kandi bikazamura indi mihari n’imanza zitari ngombwa hagati y’ibihugu byombi ndetse n’umuryango mpuzamahanga, by’umwihariko imiryango itegamiye kuri za leta irengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu.

Rero, u Bufaransa bwakinnye ikarita yabwo mu gihe gikwiye. Uwafashwe asanzwe ari nyakwigendera, ariko na none butanze abagabo ko bwakoze uruhare rwabwo, rwikuraho urubanza.

Ubu igisigaye ni akayabo k’amafaranga kagiye gutakara kuri Kabuga mu butabera, abana be bakibonera imirage mu mitungo ya se nta nkomyi.

Perezida Kagame na Macron i Paris

Ntakirutimana Deus