Amajyepfo: Gutinya abafite ibirombe bitubahirije amategeko bikomeje kubangamira ibidukikije

Bimwe mu birombe bicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro mu turere twa Muhanga, Ruhango na Kamonyi birangwamo ibibazo by’ibungwabungwa ry’ibidukikije, ababikoramo n’ababikozemo bakavuga ko biterwa n’igitinyiro cya ba nyirabyo imbere yubuyobozi bw’aho biri.

Abashoramari batandukanye bashoye amafaranga mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu misozi ya Mushubati muri Muhanga na Ruhango, Kanyarira muri Ruhango, Kirwa na Cubi muri Kamonyi, utu tukaba ari uturere tugize intara y’amajyepfo.

Ku musozi wa Mushubati ku gice cyakarere ka Muhanga, abacukuzi bita abahebyi, abato n’abakuze bari hagati ya 40 na 50, ni bo bagaragara imusozi, bari mu mirimo yo gutunda ibitaka no kubiyungurura mu mugezi uhari bashakamo amabuye y’agaciro. Umusozi umeze nk’uwacitsemo kabiri kubera umuhora munini wahaciwe n’ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi [bitemewe].

Bamwe muri bo [batashatse ko amazina yabo atangazwa] bavuga ko bacukura nta rwikango bafite kuko ngo iyo ubuyobozi bwashatse kubafata barabimenya. Umusore w’imyaka 21 ukora ubwo bucukuzi avuga ko bakorera umuntu batazi [ugura amabuye yabo] ariko bumva ko akomeye.

Agira ati “Iyo bateguye gukora umukwabo wo kudufata, usanga baduha amakuru tugahunga, uwo munsi ntitwirirwe no mu ngo. Ukurikije uko tubibwirwa n’abakuru badushoramo amafaranga, hari abakomeye bagura aya mabuye tuba twabonye.”

Mu musozi wa Kanyarira, mu murenge wa Mwendo mu karere ka Ruhango, hari umubare utabarika w’ibyobo ubona byarangije gucukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro ariko ubona bidasibwa. Muri ako gace kanyuramo n’abajya gusengera kuri uwo musozi, hacukurwa na sosiyete yitwa Big Company Mining.

Kimwe no mu Mudugudu wa Bukokora, mu kagari ka Taba mu Murenge wa Rukoma mu karere ka Kamonyi, hari ibirombe bya soisyete NT Mining Company birimo ibitagikorerwamo bitasibwe, ndetse ntihanaterwe ibiti mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Hafi y’ibirombe iyi sosiyete igicukuramo amabuye hasadutse umuhora wegereye inzu z’abaturage baturiye ibyo birombe, ku buryo ababituriye bavuga ko bafite ubwoba.

Umwe muri bo agira ati “Urabona ko hariya hasadutse, turyama dufite ubwoba ko bizagera ku nzu zacu, dore ko twumva ko ibyobo bicukurwamo amabuye biri no munsi y’inzu zacu. Iyo dusabye kwimurwa bakaduha amafaranga y’intica ntikize, twasaba akwiye bakatubwira ko tuzimuka ku ngufu.”

Umwe mu miryango ifite inzu yegereye cyane ibyo birombe nuwo muhora wacitse aho yabwiwe na rwiyemezamirimo ko niba ashobora kwimuka asize inzu ye yabyemera akamwishyura miliyoni y’amafaranga yu Rwanda, ariko uwo muryango umusaba miliyoni eshatu ndetse no kwimukana n’ibiyubatse, ariko rwiyemezamirimo arabyanga.

Bakurikije uko bafatwa n’uwo rwiyemezamirimo, abo baturage bavuga ko basanga afite ikimeze nkubudahangarwa, bakurikije uko ubuyobozi bubegereye ntacyo bukora kuri icyo kibazo.

Ikirombe nk’icyo kandi kiri ahitwa i Kirwa mu murenge wa Kayenzi mu karere ka Kamonyi, ahakorera sosiyete Gisizi Mining Company, aho ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi buhakorerwa bigira ingaruka mu kwanduza umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Muri uwo musozi bakorerwamo ubucukuzi bwinshi.

Umwe mu baturage utuye hafi yaho avuga ko hari ibyobo byasamye, ba rwiyemezamirimo bagiye bacukura, bakavanamo umusaruro, babona ugabanutse bakabyivanamo bakabisiga gutyo. Ibyo kandi biri mu murenge wa Rukoma ahitwa i Rubare, aho umukobwa aherutse gupfira mu birombe byaho aguye mu cyobo.

Nubwo bimeze gutyo, mbere yuko umucukuzi atangira ibikorwa bye asaba uruhushya agasabwa kuhabiriza amategeko n’amabwiriza arimo ingingo ya 40 y’itegeko No 58/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ubucukuzi, iteganya ko umuntu wese wahawe uruhushya agomba gusana, gusiba imyobo n’ibisimu, gutera ibiti no kuringaniza ahakorewe ubushakashatsi cyangwa ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro hagendewe ku nyigo y’isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije kandi hubarijwe itegeko rirengera ibidukikije.

Ukurikije iyi ngingo, muri bimwe muri ibyo birombe ntiyubahurizwa kuko hari aho usanga ibyobo byasamye ndetse biteye impungenge ko abantu babigwamo. Ahandi abaturage bavuga ko bateje ubwega ngo bisibwe ariko ntihagire igikorwa, ahandi bagakeka ko bishobora gutuma habaho imihindagurikire yibihe.

Gutinya abakomeye!

Kutubahiriza ibiri muri iyo ngingo usanga bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko biterwa n’igitinyiro cya ba nyir’ibirombe gituma batanyeganyezwa n’ubuyobozi bakoreramo.

Mu karere kamwe, The Source Post yabajije ubuyobozi bw’umurenge icyo bukora ngo ibyo bibazo byibyo byobo byugarije abaturage bikemuke, maze umwe mu banyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge ukorerwamo ubwo bucukuzi (butabungabunga ibidukikije).

Ati “Erega ntimukaturenganye, ba nyir’ibirombe usanga ari abakomeye, bafite igitinyiro mu buryo butandukanye, yaba ku mafaranga cyangwa urwego rw’umurimo akorera ku buryo nka gitifu umusaba kubyubahiriza atabikora ukanuma. Ntabwo wakomeza kumushyiraho igitutu, wasanga kikuvanye naho uri. Ubundi se ntihari inzego zo hejuru ziba zahawe raporo, kuki zitabikemura?”

Ku bijyanye n’igitinyiro cyabo ba rwiyemezamirimo, ubuyobozi bw’intara y’amajyepfo buvuga ko nta muntu uri hejuru yamategeko.

Guverineri w’iyo Ntara Alice Kayitesi avuga ibirimo gukorwa.

Agira ati “Nta muntu ukomeye uri hejuru y’amategeko. Iyo ni imyumvire itari yo. Igihe cyose umuntu yagaragaye mu ikosa arabihanirwa kuko itegeko riratureba twese, ntawe uri hejuru y’amategeko.”

Akomeza avuga ko ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cya Mine, Peteroli na Gazi [RMB] ngo bari gufatanya kugira ngo hashakwe uko abo bantu bajya bakurikiranwa, bahanwe kuko ibyo byose baba barabyemeye, barabisinyiye iyo bagiye guhabwa icyangombwa.

Mu nkuru yatambutse mu kinyamakuru The New Times tariki 5 Kamena 2022 ku munsi mpuzamahanga wo kwita ku bidukikije, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, REMA, cyatangaje ko mu bugenzuzi cyakoze ku iyubahirizwa ry’ibirombe mu kubungabunga ibidukikije cyabonye ko hirya no hino mu gihugu hari ahakorerwa ubucukuzi bw’amabuye nyuma ntihasibwe, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku butaka butwarwa n’isuri, imyuzure, gutenguka kw’imisozi, ibura ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri ibyo bice n’ibindi.

Indi nkuru yacyo ivuga ko ubugenzuzi bwakozwe na REMA hagati ya tariki 8-14 Kanama 2022, bwatahuye ko uturere twa Kamonyi, Muhanga, Gakenke, Ngororero ndetse n’uturere dutatu two mu Mujyi wa Kigali ari two turi ku isonga mu kugira ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije.

Ku ruhande rwa RMB, imibare yacyo iri muri iyo nkuru ivuga ko mu 2018, ibirombe 23% ari byo byubahirizaga ayo mabwiriza, mu gihe mu 2019 byabaye 40%.

Ingaruka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe

Abatuye i Rukoma bavuga ko muri ako gace hadakunze kugwa imvura nkiyo bajyaga babona mbere hataratangira gukorerwa ibyo bikorwa, nabyo bakabiheraho nk’impamvu ikwiye gutuma bimurwa. Bavuga ko mbere bajyaga babona imvura mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa cyenda, ariko ngo ubu batangira guhinga hagati mu kwezi, kuko aribwo babona imvura.

Umwe mu baturiye ibyo birombe ahitwa i Kirwa avuga ko bafite impungenge ko umugezi wa Nyabarongo uzasibama cyangwa ukaba wabateza imyuzure nk’ikunze kubaho mu gihe cy’imvura amazi akangiza imyaka ihingwa ku nkengero zayo.

Agira ati “Mbere twashingaga ingashya mu mazi twambutsa abantu, ukumva harimo amazi, ariko ubu dusigaye dushinga ku musenyi. Birakwiye ko ibyo bikorwa byitabwaho.”

REMA yagaragaje ko nibura ibigo bitanu bikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibigo bitanu bicukura ibumba ndetse n’ibigo bine bicukura umusenyi mu turere twa Kamonyi, Muhanga, Gakenke na Ngororero, byangiza ibidukikije ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Ubugenzuzi bwagaragaje ko ibigo bikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro biteza isuri, bigahumanya imigezi, ibishanga ndetse bikananirwa gusubiranya ibirombe biba byakorewemo ubucukuzi nk’uko inkuru dukesha Newtimes ibivuga.

Kwirinda ibihano

Ikigo cya Mine, Peteroli na Gazi gikangurira abacukuzi bose b’amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri gukurikiza amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga ubwo bucukuzi.

Iki kigo kiti “Iyo bigaragaye ko hari abahawe impushya z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro birengagiza inshingano yo gusubiranya ahantu bakuye umusaruro, iyo ubugenzuzi bukozwe bukagaragaza ko bitubahirijwe, hari ibihano biteganyijwe ku muntu wese utubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ubucukuzi. “

Gusa nanone ngo bitewe n’uko ubucukuzi bukorwa, gusiba ibyobo bigenda bikorwa mu byiciro, hari ibidahita bisibwa kuko hari igihe byifashishwa mu gihe kizaza iyo hakigaragara indiri z’amabuye y’agaciro.

Mu rwego rwo kureba ko byubahirizwa ngo ibi biri gukurikiranywa mu bugenzuzi bugenda bukorwa hirya no hino ahacukurwa. Ikindi ni uko ngo binyuze mu mashyirahamwe yabo, mu kwezi kwa 6 uyu mwaka, sosiyete zose zicukura amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri zasabwe gusubiranya ahantu bakuye umusaruro bitarenze ukwezi kwa 12 uyu mwaka.

Ku kibazo cy’abatuye mu murenge wa Rukoma bafite ikibazo cy’umuhora wacitse hafi yinzu zabo, aho batari kwimurwa, RMB ivuga ko “hagomba kubaho ubwumvikane ku ngurane ikwiye. Iyo ibyo byanze, hiyambazwa itegeko rigena ibyo kwimura abantu ku bw’inyungu rusange.

RMB iti “Ntabwo bikorwa ku ngufu. Abo baturage twabagira inama yo kwegera ubuyobozi bw’ibanze bukabafasha.”

Ubucukuzi no kubungabunga ibidukikije

Ubusanzwe, umuntu wese winjiye mu bucukuzi mbere yo gutangira imirimo ye abanza akagaragaza inyigo yakozwe ku isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije ndetse hagatangwa n’ingwate yo kuzasubiranya aho yakoreye mu gihe yaba agiye atabikoze.

Ikindi nuko hariho amategeko yo gucukura harengerwa ibidukikije nko gufata amazi ava mu birombe, gucunga imyanda n’ibindi bisigazwa byose bya mine, kugira umukozi ushinzwe ubucukuzi (mining engineer) n’ushinzwe kwita kubidukikije wabyigiye (Environmentalist) …byose bikiyongeraho ibihano bihabwa abatubahirije amabwiriza arebana no kwita kubidukikije.

Iyo amabwirizwa atubahirijwe, hafatwa ibyemezo bitandukanye birimo no guca amande no guhagarika ibikorwa byubucukuzi hisunzwe ingingo ya 50 kugeza 60 yitegeko No 58/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ubucukuzi bwamabuye yagaciro na kariyeri, zigaragaza amakosa nibyaha bihanirwa ku muntu cyangwa sosiyete bitubahirije amategeko n’amabwiriza bigenga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

RMB ivuga ko hari abaheruka guhanwa, nka sosiyete eshatu na koperative imwe zo mu karere ka Kamonyi zaciwe amande yo kutita ku bidukikije harimo no kwanduza imigezi ndetse zigahabwa n’igihe cyo gukosora ibyo bibazo. Muri Muhanga, izaciwe amande ni sosiyete eshatu.

Ubwoko bw’amabuye y’agaciro buboneka mu Rwanda cyane burimo gasegereti, wolfram, coltan, zahabu n’ayandi. Uru rwego rwinjije miliyoni 516 z’amadolari mu mwaka wa 2021 avuye kuri miliyoni 124.9 z’amadolari mu mwaka wa 2020.

Ntakirutimana Deus