Shira amatsiko ku matora yo kurangiza imyaka 16 Angela Merkel amaze ku butegetsi

Abategetsi hirya no hino ku Isi cyane muri Afurika bakunze gutanga urugero ku bihugu bivugwaho kunenga ibindi ngo ababitegeka batinda ku ngoma nyamara n’i Burayi bihari, batanga urugero kuri Angela Merkel uyoboye u Budage mu myaka 16.

Ubutegetsi bw’uyu mugore bamwe bitaga uw’icyuma buri kugana ku musozo ari nako kuri iki cyumweru hakozwe amatora yo kumusimbura.

Ni amatora agena usimbura Merkel washyize u Budage mu ruhando rw’ibihugu bikomeye ku Isi ku bijyanye n’ubukungu no kuvuga rikijyana. Amatora agaragaza ko Social Democratic Party ryatanze Minisitiri w’Imari Olaf Scholz nk’umukandida ari ryo riri imbere y’irya Union Party Madame Merkel abarizwamo.

Ni amatora yagombaga guhuza abadage basaga miliyoni 60 z’abujuje imyaka 18 y’amavuko bemerewe gutora muri iki gihugu nkuko BBC yabitangaje.

Uko amatora agenda

Abadage batangira batora abagize inteko ishinga amategeko yitwa Bundestag, ubu amashyaka atatu niyo ahabwa amahirwe yo kwegukana imyanya myinshi muri yo. Ayo mashyaka ni nayo yazatora minisitiri w’intebe mushya uhabwa izina rya (chancelier/chancellor).

Inteko (Bundestag) iba igizwe n’abadepite 598 ariko akenshi bararenga.

Uyu munsi ishyaka ryatsinze amatora riramenyekana. Nyamara gushyiraho leta nshya ihurireho n’ibice bitandukanye by’abatuye iki gihugu bifata umwanya. Bisaba ko ishyaka ryatsinze amatora ribanza gushaka ayandi byifatanya kugirango babashe kugira ubwiganze mu nteko ishinga amategeko.

Bityo bikazasaba igihe kitari gito kugira ngo izina ry’usimbura Angela Merkel ngo rimenyekane.

Minisitiri w’intebe atorwa gute?

Mu bisanzwe, ishyaka ryagize imyanya myinshi mu nteko niryo rigena minisitiri w’intebe. Ariko gushyiraho ihuriro ry’amashyaka bifata umwanya kuko abanza kuganira agahuriza ku bijyanye n’uko abaminisitiri bazashyirwaho.

Iyo ayo mashyaka amaze kumvikana ku bintu byose, nibwo abagize inteko bahura ngo bemeze uba minisitiri w’intebe.

Uwatsinze amenyekana gute?

Iyo abadage bagiye mu matora, batora ibintu bibiri.

Icya mbere, batora umudepite w’akarere.

Hari uturere tw’amatora (circonscriptions électorales/ electoral districts) tugera ku 299 ; ibi bivuga ko umudepite umwe aserukira hafi abantu ibihumbi 250.

Umukandida wabonye amajwi menshi ni we utsindira intebe mu nteko.

Aya yitwa “amatora ya mbere”.

Mu matora ya kabiri, azwi nk’ “amatora ya kabiri”, abatora batora amashyaka muri buri leta. Imyanya 229 igenda igabanywa bitewe n’amajwi buri shyaka ryabonye. Bivuze ko umukandida uri ku rutonde abona umwanya mu nteko hakurikijwe urutonde rwatanzwe n’ishyaka rye, maze inteko (Bundestag) igashingwa.

Kugira ngo ishyaka ribone imyanya mu nteko risabwa kugira nibura amajwi 5% y’abatoye. Ibyo byakozwe kugirango amashyaka mato akenshi agendera ku bitekerezo bikaze ntage mu agize ubutegetsi.

Kuki imibare y’abadepite ishobora guhinduka?

Umubare w’abadepite bagize inteko ushobora kwiyongera iyo hari ubusumbane hagati y’ibyavuye mu matora ku ishyaka muri ayo matora abiri. Aha rero, aho kugirwa n’abadepite 598, ishobora kugirwa n’abagera kuri 709.

Inteko irangije manda yari igizwe n’abadepite 730.

Ingero z’ibishobora kuba, ishyaka CDU ribonye intebe 110 mu matora ya mbere yo mu burere, hanyuma rikabona  intebe 100 mu matora ya kabiri y’intonde z’amashyaka . Muri icyo gihe, CDU yagira sanga ntebe 10 irengeje ku zo yateganyaha kugira, hagendewe ku matora ya kabiri, ari yo akomeye cyane.

Rimwe na rimwe, abatora bashobora gushima umukandida, ari na we utorwa mu ya mbere, ariko ugasanga ntibashimye ishyaka rye, ntibaritore mu matora ya kabiri.

Hagendewe kuri rwa rugero, birumvikana ko CDU rizagumana izi ntebe 10 zirenzeho, zizwi nka Überhangmandate, cyangwa “intebe z’inyongera”.

Bityo , CDU izisanga ifite intebe 10 zirenze ku zo yari kugira nk’ishyaka, bikariha akarusho gasa nkaho rirushije ayandi mashyaka.

Rero kugira no ntihabe ikibazo, ayandi mashyaka ahabwa icyitwa Ausgleichsmandate, cyangwa “intebe z’indishyi y’akababaro”. Ibi bituma umubare w’abadepite bava mu yandi mashyaka biyongera hagendewe ku majwi babonye. Bityo imyanya yari iteganyijwe yiyongeraho 10% by’ibyavuye mu matora kugira ngo bakosore ubu busumbane.

Ibyavuye mu matora bizamenyekana ryari?

Abatsinze n’abatsinzwe bamenyekana nyuma y’amasaha make ibiro by’amatora bifunze.

Ni nako byagenze mu matora y’inteko aheruka mu 2017, igihe Angela Merkel yagezaga ku baturage ijambo bamwe bise ko ritaryoshye ry’uko ishyaka rye ryari ryabonye amajwi make.

Ariko gushinga leta bishobora kurangwa n’impaka nyinshi bigatuma ibiganiro bifata ibyumweru bitari bike kugira ngo bagere ku masezerano.

Ni nako byagenze mu 2017, igihe ishyaka CDU, ishyaka L’Alliance 90/ Les Verts rikunze kwitwa The Greens, hamwe n’irya FDP bananiwe gushinga ihuriro ribahuza.