Ibisubizo bya Minisitiri w’Intebe ku Banyarwanda bagifite ikibazo cy’amazi meza

Abagize Inteko ishinga amategeko, umutwe wa Sena bahishuye ko imibare y’uko abaturage bagera kuri 84% bafite amazi meza atari ukuri.

Ibyo byatumye ihamagaza Minisitiri w’Intebe Dr. Ngirente Edouard asubiza mu magambo, ibyo Guverinoma iteganya gukora mu rwego rwo kuvanaho imbogamizi zibangamira ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi meza mu gihugu, nk’uko biteganyijwe muri Gahunda ya Leta y’Amajyambere 2017/2024

Ni ibisobanuro byatanzwe kuwa Kane tariki 25 Ukwakira 2018

Dr Ngirente agaragaza ko ikibazo cyo kubona amazi meza kibangamiye Isi muri rusange.

Ati “Raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko gukwirakwiza amazi meza bikiri ingorabahizi ku batuye Isi bose. Imibare dukesha Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO 2015) igaragaza ko ku Isi yose abantu bagera kuri miliyari 1.8 bakoresha amazi yanduye.

Ayo mazi mabi atera indwara nyinshi zirimo: inzoka zo mu nda, korela, macinya, na tifoyide. Iri Shami kandi ritangaza ko abantu bagera ku 502.000 bapfa buri mwaka bazize izi ndwara ziva ku mikoreshereze y’amazi mabi.”

Akomeza yerekana ko raporo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yerekeye iterambere ry’amazi (The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018) igaragaza ko nibura abantu bangana na miliyari 3.6 batagerwaho n’amazi meza mu gihe kingana nibura n’ukwezi kumwe.

Iyi raporo kandi igaragaza ko hadashyizweho ingamba zifatika, mu 2050 iyi mibare ishobora kuziyongera ikagera hagati y’abaturage bari hagati ya miliyari 4.8 na miliyari 5.7.

Ku birebana n’Afurika, cyane cyane Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara, abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 319 bigaragara ko batagerwaho n’amazi meza.

Mu gushakira umuti urambye ikibazo cy’amazi meza, Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu ntego ya 6 kuri 17 zigize Intego z’Iterambere Rirambye washyizeho mu mwaka wa 2015, wiyemeje kuzageza amazi meza kuri buri muntu wese utuye Isi bitarenze umwaka wa 2030.

Ingaruka zo gukoresha amazi mabi mu Rwanda

Dr Ngirenge avuga ko mu Rwanda, imibare yo mu mwaka wa 2016-2017 (MINISANTE, Annual Statistical Booklet 2017) igaragaza ko abantu bangana na 786,815 barwaye indwara zitandukanye zikomoka ku gukoresha amazi.

Ni muri uru rwego muri Gahunda yo kwihutisha iterambere ya 2017-2024 twatangaje umwaka ushize, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yiyemeje kongera ingano y’amazi meza atunganywa ku munsi azava kuri m3 182,120 agera kuri m3 303,120.

Akomeza agira ati “Nk’uko Guverinoma yabibagejejeho muri Kanama 2016, ubwo yabagezagaho ibikorwa bijyanye n’imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’amazi, hari imishinga myinshi twari dufite icyo gihe yo gukwirakwiza amazi. Turishimira ko twayiboneye ingengo y’imari yari ikenewe ikaba yaranatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

Zimwe mu ngero zifatika z’imishinga yo gukwirakwiza amazi meza yarangiye ni izi zikurikira:

● Haguwe uruganda rwa Nzove II ruva kuri m3 25,000 ku munsi rugera kuri m3 40,000 ku munsi.
● Hubatswe kandi uruganda rushya rwa Nzove I rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga m3 40,000 ku munsi. Uru ruganda kandi rwubatswe ku buryo rwakwagurwa rukagera ku bushobozi bwo gutanga m3 65,000 ku munsi.
● Huzuye inganda nshya za Nyanza (Mpanga), Rwamagana (Muhazi) na Nyagatare (Mirama) zose hamwe zifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya m3 10,500 ku munsi.
● Huzuye kandi uruganda rwa Nkombo muri Rusizi rutanga amazi angana na m3 720.
● Hubatswe uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Kanyonyomba ruzatanga m3 5,000 ku munsi, rukaba rugeze ku kigereranyo cya 96.5% rwubakwa tukaba twizeye ko ruzuzura mu gihe cya vuba. Ubu harimo kunozwa imirimo yo kubaka imiyoboro izatwara ayo mazi. Uru ruganda ruzaza rwunganira uruganda rwa Ngenda rusanzwe rutanga m3 3,500 ku munsi.
● Hatangijwe kandi kubaka uruganda rwa Kanzenze, ruzatanga m3 40,000 ku munsi, ruzaha amazi Umujyi wa Kigali n’ibice by’Akarere ka Bugesera. Bikaba biteganyijwe ko ruzuzura mu mwaka wa 2020.
● Inganda za Kanyonyomba na Kanzenze zizakemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi mu Karere ka Bugesera.

• Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’amazi make mu duce tumwe na tumwe, mu rwego rwo kunganira ingengo y’imari igenerwa ibikorwa by’amazi, mu mwaka ushize Guverinoma yafashe inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni 131 z’amadorari y’Amerika muri Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB) no mu Kigega cy’Iterambere ry’Ibihugu Bicukura Peterori (OFID).

Iyi nguzanyo izakoreshwa mu gusana uruganda rwa Gihira muri Rubavu rukazatanga m3 10,000 ku munsi. Izafasha kandi mu kubaka uruganda rushya rwa Gihira ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amazi angana na m3 15,000 ku munsi. Hazubakwa kandi uruganda rwa Mwoya muri Rusizi izatanga m3 6,000.

Izi nganda zose maze kubabwira, imirimo yo kuzubaka twizeye ko izarangira bitarenze umwaka wa 2021, ariko hari n’izarangira uyu mwaka utaragera.

Iyi nguzanyo izakoreshwa kandi mu bikorwa byo kwagura no gusana imiyoboro ishaje mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’Imigi yunganira Kigali.

Mu rwego rwo kongera amazi meza mu bice by’icyaro, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yasabye inguzanyo y’inyongera muri Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB) ingana na miliyoni 137.5 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Izakoreshwa mu mishinga yo gukwirakwiza amazi mu Turere tukigaragaramo amazi make turimo Ngoma, Gatsibo, Kirehe, Ngororero, Kayonza na Burera.

Iyi nguzanyo izakoreshwa mu kubaka imiyoboro y’amazi ifite uburebure bungana na km 1,594 n’inganda z’amazi mu bice bitandukanye by’icyaro.

Zimwe mu nganda zizubakwa ni:
• Uruganda rwa Ngoma muri Nyagatare ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amazi angana na m3 12,000 ku munsi;
• Uruganda rwa Muhazi ruzatanga amazi angana na m3 10,000 ku munsi, azakoreshwa n’abaturage bo mu turere twa Nyagatare na Gatsibo;
• Uruganda rwa Sake ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amazi angana na m3 6,000 ku munsi azakwirakwizwa mu Karere ka Ngoma;
• Uruganda rwa Busogwe ruzatanga amazi angana na m3 12,000 ku munsi, agakwirakwizwa mu Turere twa Ruhango na Nyanza;
• Uruganda rwa Kagaga ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amazi angana na m3 9,000 ku munsi, aya mazi azakwirakwizwa mu Turere twa Muhanga na Kamonyi;
• Uruganda rwa Mushogoro muri Karongi ruzatanga amazi angana na m3 7,000, azakwirakwizwa mu Karere ka Karongi.

Mu Rwanda, ibikorwa by’amazi biracyahura n’imbogamizi zitandukanye zituma abantu batabona amazi meza uko bikwiye.

Zimwe mu mbogamizi n’ingamba zo kuzikemura ni izi zikurikira:

a. Imiyoboro y’amazi idahagije kandi imwe muri yo ikaba ishaje:
• Kuri ubu mu migi dufite imiyoboro y’amazi ifite uburebure bungana na Km 11,610.6.
• Mu miyoboro 1,006 itanga amazi mu cyaro tubarura kugeza ubu, ikabakaba 430 ikeneye gusanwa kuko yubatswe mu myaka irenga makumyabiri ishize.

• Mu migi hari imiyoboro myinshi ishaje itarabasha gusimbuzwa kandi itanga amazi mu ngo zirenze ubushobozi yagenewe. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma tugira ikibazo cy’amazi menshi ameneka.
• Ikigereranyo cy’amazi ameneka bitewe n’ibibazo bitandukanye birimo iby’amatiyo ashaje kizagabanuka kive ku kigereranyo cya 38.9% dufite ubu kigere kuri 25% mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu iri imbere.
Mu gukemura izi mbogamizi, Guverinoma yafashe ingamba zikurikira tugira ngo tubasangize:
• Gusana no kwagura imiyoboro y’amazi meza ndetse no kubaka ibigega bishya bifasha mu gukwirakwiza amazi meza akenewe mu bice bitandukanye by’Igihugu.

• Hazagurwa imiyoboro yo mu mujyi wa Kigali ndetse no mu migi yunganira Kigali (secondary cities).
• Muri rusange kugeza mu mwaka wa 2024 mu Gihugu hose hazubakwa hanasanwe imiyoboro ifite uburebure bwa Km 3,928.

• Muri iyi myaka itatu iri imbere (2021), mu mujyi wa Kigali no mu nkengero zawo, kuri ya nguzanyo nigeze kubabwira twahawe n’Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere, hazubakwa imiyoboro ifite uburebure bwa Km 512 naho Mu migi 6 yunganira Kigali no mu nkengero zayo hazubakwa imiyoboro ifite uburebure bwa Km 1,112.

b. Amazi agera ku baturage ntahagije:
• Imibare dufite uyu munsi, itugaragariza ko mu mujyi wa Kigali n’indi migi iri hirya no hino mu Gihugu, hakenerwa nibura amazi angana na m3 290,038 ku munsi. Ubushobozi dufite uyu munsi bushobora gutunganya amazi angana na m3 262,660 ku munsi gusa kubera impamvu zitandukanye zirimo imiyoboro y’amazi itajyanye n’igihe, amazi tugeza ku baturage angana na m3 187,293 ku munsi.

• By’umwihariko, mu Mujyi wa Kigali hakenerwa ku munsi m3 143,668 mu gihe amazi awugeramo ku munsi angana na m3 95,000. Mu 2021 nitumara kurangiza gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga wo kwagura imiyoboro ikwirakwiza amazi mu Mujyi wa Kigali, amazi atungwanywa n’inganda azaba abasha kugezwa ku baturage.

Mu gukemura iki kibazo, Guverinoma yafashe ingamba zikurikira:
• Kongera ingengo y’imari igenerwa ibikorwa by’amazi. Muri uyu mwaka wa 2018-2019, ingengo y’imari Guverinoma yageneye ibikorwa by’amazi irangana na miliyari 39,215,663,597 tugenda dusaranganya ingengo y’imari dukurikije uko ubushobozi bungana muri za secteur zinyuranye.

• Kuri aya mafaranga hiyongeraho ya nguzanyo nababwiye twafashe. Haziyongeraho kandi na ya yindi y’inyongera tuzafata.

c. Indi mbogamizi ijyanye n’imicungire itanoze y’imiyoboro y’amazi yo mu cyaro.
Ibyo mwarabibonye ariko turi kugerageza kugenda tubikemura dufatanyije n’inzego z’ibanze.

• Mu rwego rwo kunoza imikoranire hagati ya ba Rwiyemezamirimo n’Uturere ndetse no kuvugurura imitangire ya serivise, hafashwe umwanzuro wo kohereza, mu Turere twose tw’Igihugu, uvanyemo dutatu two mu Mujyi wa Kigali, abakozi b’inzobere mu byerekeye gukwirakwiza amazi. Zimwe mu nshigano zabo ni ukumenya ahari imiyoboro y’amazi idakora neza kugira ngo isanwe vuba no gukurikirana uko ba Rwiyemezamirimo bacunga amazi mu bice by’icyaro bubahiriza kontaro bagiranye n’Uturere bakoreramo.

d. Indi mbogamizi ni imiturire, cyane cyane iyo mu cyaro izakomeza kugenda taranozwa.

• Ibi bituma serivisi z’amazi zitagezwa ku baturage neza, kandi zikabageraho zihenze. Guha amazi abatuye mu mudugudu byoroha kurusha kuyaha abatuye batatanye.
• Guverinoma izarushaho kwihutisha gahunda yo gutuza neza abaturarwanda hibandwa mu kunoza no gushyira mu bikorwa ibishushanyo mbonera by’imigi n’Uturere, gukomeza gahunda yo gutuza Abanyarwanda bavanwa mu tujagari no mu manegeka ndetse no gukomeza kwihutisha gahunda yo gutuza abantu mu midugudu, aha twavuga nka gahunda y’imidugudu y’icyitegererezo (IDP model villages).
e. Hari kandi n’imbogamizi ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
• Imvura, umuyaga ndetse n’imyuzure ni bimwe mu byangiza ibikorwa remezo by’amazi cyane cyane ko biza bitunguranye. Aha twatanga urugero rw’iyangirika ry’imiyoboro yo mu duce twinshi tw’Igihugu mu bihe bishize ubwo twagiraga ibiza.
• Hari kandi n’iyangirika ry’inganda z’amazi rikunda guterwa n’imyuzure.
• Muri uru rwego, hazazamurwa imikoranire y’Urwego rw’amazi n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iteganyagihe. Hazibandwa cyane cyane ku iteganyagihe riburira. Hazongerwa kandi ibikorwaremezo birinda imiyoboro n’inganda z’amazi (protection of water supply systems and water treatment plants).

f. Hari Ingano y’amasoko y’amazi agenda agabanuka.
• Bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’isuri muri rusange, byagaragaye ko amazi ava mu masoko agenda agabanuka.
• Guverinoma izakomeza kunoza neza imicungire y’ibyogogo n’amasoko hashakwa uburyo bwiza bwo gufata amazi ndetse no gucunga neza amazi ava imusozi ajya mu mibande.

g. Hari kandi kwandura kw’amasoko ari ahantu h’ibishanga.
• Ubwandure bw’amazi buterwa ahanini n’ikibazo cy’imicungire y’amasoko, amariba, ibiyaga n’imigezi ni kimwe mu bibazo bituma dutanga amafaranga menshi mu gihe cyo gutunganya amazi mu nganda zacu.
• Guverinoma izongera imbaraga mu kurinda ahantu hose haturuka amazi ndetse no kunoza isuku n’isukura muri rusange.

• Hateganyijwe ko ubuziranenge bw’amazi buzarushaho kubungabungwa cyane cyane amazi y’amasoko yo mu byaro ndetse n’anyura mu miyoboro yo mu cyaro. Ni muri urwo rwego rero Guverinoma izagura kandi ikongera ubushobozi bwa za laboratwari zipima amazi. Kugeza ubu, dufite laboratwari 23, muri zo hakaba harimo imwe iri ku rwego rw’Igihugu n’indi imwe igendanwa (mobile), yitabazwa aho bikenewe.
• Hazubakwa kandi ikigo cy’icyitegererezo mu gutanga amahugurwa ku bijyanye no gucunga, gutunganya no gukwirakwiza amazi. Icyo kigo kikazaba gifite laboratwari ijyanye n’igihe tugezemo.

h. Imbogamizi zijyanye n’imibare-fatizo ku mazi
• Ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza amazi mu gihugu hose rwagiye ruhura n’ikibazo cyo kutagira imibare ishingirwaho mu gukora igenamigambi ryo kubaka imiyoboro n’inganda bijyanye n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturarwanda.
• Guverinoma yatangije umushinga wo gukusanya amakuru binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga (MIS) rizatuma tugira imibare nyayo. Iri kusanyamakuru kandi rizahuzwa n’imibare itangwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare. Ibi bizatuma tumenya neza imibare y’aho amazi akenewe, ibirometero bikenewe kunyuzwamo imiyoboro y’amazi, ndetse n’abaturage aho bayakeneye cyangwa bamaze kuyabona.

i. Hari n’ikibazo cyo gucunga neza amazi y’imvura:
• Hirya no hino mu Gihugu bigaragara ko gufata amazi y’imvura bitaragerwaho.
• Guverinoma izashyira imbaraga mu gushishikariza Abanyarwanda gufata amazi y’imvura kuko afite uruhare runini mu kunganira ibikorwa byo gukwiza amazi meza.

j. Hari no gutunganya Igenamigambi risanzwe ndetse n’ibikorwa by’amazi ku buryo bunonosoye n’ikwirakwizwa ryaho.

• Mu rwego rwo kunoza igenamigambi, Guverinoma yatangije umushinga wo gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy’amazi, isuku n’isukura (Integrated Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan).

• Iki gishushanyo kizarangira muri Mata 2019, kikazatanga ishusho rusange ry’uko ishoramari mu gutunganya no gukwirakwiza amazi rizakorwa mu myaka 10 iri imbere. Kizanerekana kandi uburyo imishinga y’amazi izajya itegurwa, uko izajya ikurikirana mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa (prioritization) hagendewe ku bwiyongere bw’abaturage b’Akarere runaka ndetse n’imiterere ya buri Karere.

• Guverinoma kandi yashyizeho gahunda y’igenamigambi rikomatanyije (joint planning) aho za minisiteri bireba, ibigo bizishamikiyeho n’inzego z’ibanze (local government) bahurira hamwe bakemeza ibikorwa biteganyijwe buri mwaka, hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda z’iterambere ry’Igihugu. Hanagendewe ku bishushanyo mbonera by’imigi n’Uturere no kugira ngo inzego z’ibanze zigire uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga y’iterambere.
• Hagendewe ku ihame ryo guha abaturage bose amahirwe angana mu kugira ibikorwa remezo by’ibanze, Guverinoma izakomeza kubaka imiyoboro n’inganda z’amazi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, hibandwa cyane mu duce twagaragayemo imibare iri hasi mu kubona serivisi z’amazi meza.
• Aha twavuga nk’uduce tw’Amayaga, uduce twegereye Isunzu rya Kongo Nili, mu Turere tw’Intara y’Iburasirazuba. Hazibandwa kandi mu kugeza amazi ahantu hahurira abantu benshi nko mu mashuri, amavuriro n’ahandi.

Asaba ubufatanye ngo izi ngamba zigerweho.

Ntakirutimana Deus